- 86 percent of forces measured are the same as or less than those experienced in other forms of exercise such as running, jumping or skipping
- 94 percent of forces are lower than those previously measured on people riding a rollercoaster
- The large majority of events resulting in the highest measured forces are as a result of poor technique in the tackle and at the breakdown
- Most contact events in elite rugby do not result in any significant force to the head.
- Where low, medium and high force events do occur they are most common in tackles and carries, followed by rucks
- Both men’s and women’s forwards were more likely to experience force events than backs
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